1981
Problem - 3176
If a sequence $\{a_n\}$ satisfies $a_1=1$ and $a_{n+1}=\frac{1}{16}\big(1+4a_n+\sqrt{1+24a_n}\big)$, find the general term of $a_n$.
Construct a new sequence $\{b_n\}$ such that $b_n=\sqrt{1_24a_n}$. It is clear that $b_1=5$ and every term in $\{b_n\}$ is non-negative.
$$b_n^2=1+24a_n\implies a_n=\frac{b_n^2-1}{24}$$
Then from the given recursion, we have
$$\frac{b_{n+1}^2-1}{24}=\frac{1}{16}\Big(1+4\times\frac{b_n^2-1}{24}+b_n\Big)$$
This above relationship can be simplified to
$$(2b_{n+1})^2 = (b_n+3)^2 \implies 2b_{n+1}=b_n+3\qquad(\because b_n \ge 0)$$
By the conclusion of %%HREF%%3175%%, we have $$2b_{n+1}=b_n+3 \implies b_{n}=3+\frac{1}{2^{n-2}}=3+2^{2-n}$$
$$\therefore\quad a_n=\frac{b_n^2-1}{24}=\frac{2^{2n-1}+3\times 2^{n-1}+1}{3\times 2^{2n-1}}$$