2019
Problem - 4531
Compute $$1-\frac{1\times 2}{2}+\frac{2\times 3}{2^2}-\frac{3\times 4}{2^3}+\frac{4\times 5}{2^4}-\cdots$$
By the conclusion of # 4530, we have
$$\frac{2}{(1-x)^3}=2 + (2\times 3)x + (3\times 4)x^2 + (4\times 5)x^3 + \times\qquad (|x| < 1)$$
Setting $x=-\frac{1}{2}$ to the above equality gives
$$\frac{2}{\left(1+\frac{1}{2}\right)^3}=2- \frac{2\times 3}{2} + \frac{3\times 4}{2^2} - \frac{4\times 5}{2^3} + \cdots$$
Dividing the above equation by $-2$ yields
$$-\frac{8}{27}=-\frac{1\times 2}{2}+ \frac{2\times 3}{2^2} - \frac{3\times 4}{2^3} + \frac{4\times 5}{2^4} + \cdots$$
Finally, adding $1$ to both sides leads to the final answer as
$$1-\frac{8}{27}=\boxed{\frac{19}{27}}$$