Problem - 3141
As shown, in $\triangle{ABC}$, $AB=AC$, $\angle{A} = 20^\circ$, $\angle{ABE} = 30^\circ$, and $\angle{ACD}=20^\circ$. Find the measurement of $\angle{CDE}$.
Let $\angle{CDE}=\alpha$. Then $\angle{ADC}=(140^\circ - \alpha)$. Then
\begin{align}
\frac{\sin\alpha}{\sin(140^\circ - \alpha)}&=\frac{CE}{AE}\\
&=\frac{BC\cdot\sin 50^\circ/\sin\angle{BEC}}{AB\cdot\sin 30^\circ /\sin\angle{BEA}}&\text{(by the law of sines)}\\
&=\frac{BC\cdot\sin 50^\circ}{AB\cdot\sin 30^\circ }\\
&=\frac{\sin 20^\circ}{\sin 80^\circ}\cdot\frac{\sin 50^\circ}{\sin 30^\circ}&\text{(by the law of sines)}\\
&=\frac{2\sin 20^\circ \cos 40^\circ}{\cos 10^\circ}
\end{align}
Hence
\begin{align*}
\sin\alpha\cos 10^\circ &= 2\sin 20^\circ\cos 40^\circ\sin(40^\circ + \alpha)\\
\sin\alpha\cos 10^\circ &= \sin 20^\circ(\sin(80^\circ + \alpha) + \sin\alpha)\\
\sin\alpha &= 2\sin 10^\circ (\sin(80^\circ + \alpha) + \sin\alpha)\\
\sin\alpha &= 2\sin 10^\circ \cos(10^\circ - \alpha) + 2\sin 10^\circ\sin\alpha\\
\sin\alpha &= \sin(20^\circ - \alpha) + \sin\alpha + 2\sin 10^\circ\sin\alpha\\
0 &= \sin(20^\circ - \alpha) - 2\sin 10^\circ\sin\alpha\\
0 &= \sin 20^\circ\cos\alpha - \cos 20^\circ\sin\alpha - 2\sin 10^\circ\sin\alpha
\end{align*}
\begin{align*}
\therefore\quad \tan\alpha &= \frac{\sin 20^\circ}{\cos 20^\circ - 2\sin 10^\circ}\\
&= \frac{\sin 20^\circ}{\sin 70^\circ - \sin 10^\circ - \sin 10^\circ}\\
&= \frac{\sin 20^\circ}{2\sin 30^\circ \cos 40^\circ - \sin 10^\circ}\\
&= \frac{\sin 20^\circ}{\sin 50^\circ - \sin 10^\circ}\\
&= \frac{\sin 20^\circ}{2\sin 20^\circ \cos 30^\circ}\\
&= \frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\\
\end{align*}
Therefore we conclude $\alpha = \boxed{30^\circ}$.