Problem - 2844
Find the remainder when you divide $(x^{81} + x^{49} + x^{25} + x^9 + x)$ by $(x^3 - x)$.
Assume the quotient is $q(x)$ and the remainder is $r(x)$. Because the degree of $(x^3-x)$ is $3$, hence the degree of the remainder cannot be higher than $2$. Let $r(x)= ax^2 + bx + c$. Then $$x^{81} + x^{49} + x^{25} + x^9 + x = q(x)(x^3 - x) + r(x)$$
In order to eliminate $q(x)$, we can set the three roots of $(x^3-x)$ to the above equation, i.e. $x=-1, 0, 1$. Hence,
$$
\left\{
\begin{array}{rcl}
-5 &=& a - b + c\\
0 &=&c\\
5 &=& a+ b +c
\end{array}
\right.
$$
Solving the above system leads to $a = c = 0, b = 5$. Therefore, hthe remainder is $r(x) = \boxed{5x}$.